Political Science S R Myneni Pdf ((FREE))

.............................................................................................................................DescriptionPolitics is not only the 'Master Science' but also the 'Mother Science of Law'. Laws tend to be a reflection of a particular political structure. The legal system has to keep pace with changes in political system of the State and the pattern of that community. The State which is the central theme of political science, functions through law and thus Political Science and Law are closely related. All the legal persons such as Advocates should have the theoretical knowledge of Political Science. This might be the reason for the inclusion of 'Political Science' as a subject for the Law Degree Course. This volume is the result of an attempt to present all the relevant topics of the syllabi of Bar Council of India and different Indian Universities basing on the books referred to in the Bibliography. The author expresses his profound gratitude to the eminent authors and publishers of the books referred to. The author is also thankful to the publishers Allahabad Agency for bringing out this book in an attractive form. Suggestions from the readers for the improvement are welcome and will be gratefully acknowledged..............................................................................................................................ContentsUnit I: Political Theory and State1. Political Theory2. State, Society and Nation3. Genesis of State or Theories of Origin of State4. Theories of the Function or Activity of the State as Conceived by Different Schools of Thought5. Sphere of State ActivityUnit II: Concepts1. Sovereignty2. Law3. Rights and Duties4. Liberty5. Equality6. Property7. Justice8. Freedom9. Meaning, Definition of Liberalism10. Socialism, Utopian, Scientific and Democratic11. Concepts of Power, authority and LegitimacyUnit III: Constitution and forms of Government1. Constitution and Constitutionalism2. Traditional and Modern Classification of Governments3. Aristocratic Form of Government4. Monarchical Form of Government5. Totalitarian and Authoritarian of Dictatorial Form of Government6. Democratic Form of GovernmentUnit IV: Separation of Powers and Organs of Government1. Theory or Principle of Separation of Powers and the Concept of Checks and Balances2. Executive-An Organ of Government3. Legislature-An Organ of Government4. Judiciary-An Organ of Government5. Representation6. Political Participation and Political Parties7. Popular Control and Public OpinionUnit V: Main Currents of Indian Political Thought1. Sources and Features of Ancient Indian Political Thought2. The State in Ancient India (Classical Hindu Concept of State)3. Political Ideas of Kautilya (Statecraft of Kautilya)4. Political Ideas of Manu5. Buddhist Political Thought of Ancient India6. Islamic Concept of State in India7. Liberalism in Indian Political Thought8. Humanism in India9. Marxism in India (Marxist Thought in India)10. Gandhian Political Thought (Gandhism in India Political Thought)11. Sarvodaya in Indian Political ThoughtUnit VI: International Relations1. Foreign Policy2. International Organisation - UNOBibliography.............................................................................................................................Author DetailsDr. S.R. Myneni, M.A., M.Ed., LL.M., Ph.D., P.G. Diploma in Journalism & Mass Communication, P.G. Diploma in Econometrics, P.G. Diploma in Mathematics Ekadhika in Vedic Mathematicss, Rashtra Bhasha Praveena (Hindi) Diploma in Russian Language..............................................................................................................................

Emerging concerns about sustainability are apparent in a number of societal sectors, including the political and economic sectors, universities, and the public at large. This growing interest is driven partly by widespread dissemination of the fact that a growing world population and the depletion of natural resources are threatening our sustainability, and by such visible phenomena as increasing oil and grain prices. Reflecting this interest and concern, sustainability science is becoming a distinctive research field (Kates et al. 2001; Clark and Dickson 2003; Komiyama and Takeuchi 2006; Clark 2007).

We cannot judge whether sustainability science will be comparable in impact to the previous two changes, but it is required, and urgently so. Such a belief drives our perception of sustainability science and related research as a top priority mission for science and technology (Raven 2002; Holdren 2008).

Relationship between sustainability science and related scientific fields: a multidisciplinary, b interdisciplinary, and c transdisciplinary interpretations of sustainability science

Reviewing the current status of sustainability science is no easy task; it requires that we carefully select a range of literature that covers all relevant papers in a field that has a growing number of publications and is multidisciplinary in nature. Currently, it is estimated that over 3,000 papers are published in the field annually (Kajikawa et al. 2007).

By limitig our corpus to the selected journals, some relevant papers will inevitably be missed. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of sustainability science, even the most popular journals carrying sustainability science articles may capture no more than 5% of all of the important papers published (Clark 2007). Despite this, we should be able to derive the principal components of sustainability science by reviewing and analyzing these three core journals. The aim of this paper is not to offer a complete overview of sustainability science but to extract a cross-section of current efforts in the field by focusing on these journals. The characteristics of the three journals are briefly described here, and the number of papers published in these three journals is shown in Table 1.

For the purposes of our overview, these papers have been organized into the following categories: sustainability and its definition, domain-oriented research, and a research framework for sustainability science. After summarizing the papers in the above journals in these categories, we will discuss the current status of sustainability science research. First, we shall provide a short history and overview of previous discussions of sustainability and propose a definition.

In the following sections we shall review the current discourse in each domain. Because the corpus of this overview is not all relevant papers on sustainability science but a selected portion thereof, readers may feel that the discussion is fragmented. If so, this is due to the limited corpus, not to actual fragmentation in sustainability science research. Some domains overlap and some articles must be categorized as belonging to more than one domain. Despite these drawbacks, some facets of the current status of sustainability science research will, we believe, become apparent.

Despite the knowledge accumulated on the status of poverty and its causal chain, the problem is far from solved. Hyden (2007) commented that for someone studying development in Africa since the early 1960s, it is shocking how little learning there is among agencies funding development in the region. He attributed this failure to the dominance of economists in formulating the international development policy agenda, and the tendency for political scientists to look at how economic variables shape political ones, rather than the other way around. Larson and Ribot (2007) cited the existence of an uneven playing field with double standards of access to both markets and natural resources, where the rural poor are excluded from the natural wealth around them. Nieusma (2007) found difficulties in sustainable development projects arising from the conflict among different languages, such as the languages of market economics, techno-science, rural development, and local knowledge, used by different stakeholders in different organizations.

Recently, however, trials to utilize scientific knowledge toward action and participatory field experiments to improve situations and understand them better have been undertaken. Sanchez et al. (2007) described the African Millennium Villages Project, which targets public-sector investments to raise rural productivity and thereby increase private-sector saving and investments. This is carried out by empowering impoverished communities with science-based interventions. The basic assumption of the project is that poverty, hunger and disease, rapid population growth, environmental degradation, and poor governance are all mutually reinforcing. The project has been initiated at 12 sites in ten African countries. They reported that, in its first year, the project contributed to reducing malaria prevalence, meeting caloric requirements, generating crop surpluses, enabling school feeding programs, and providing cash earnings for farm families. Mabogunje (2007) described an experiment in poverty reduction in a city in Nigeria where 90% of the population lived below the poverty line of US $1 per person per day. With 7 years of experience, the experiment has been successful in many ways. There is increasing evidence that poverty in the city has been reduced significantly through the microfinancing of existing and new productive activities, and that up to 8,000 jobs have been created through these activities. Training and social capital have been critical factors in the establishment of cooperatives and the development of new enterprises in specialty crops and small animal and fish production. These studies must be continually performed to reduce hunger until they become unnecessary. 1e1e36bf2d